Materials and methods: Two groups were formed by randomly assigning female Wistar rats: Group 1 consisted of female rats that were not exposed to RF radiation during pregnancy, while Group 2 comprised female rats that were exposed to RF radiation during pregnancy. After delivery, male offspring were divided into four groups including: (a) SHAM, (b) Exposure (EXP), (c) hypoxia-ischemia (HI), (d) HI/Exposure (HI/EXP). Seven days after HI induction, neurobehavioral tests were performed, and then brain tissue was taken from the skull to measure MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions, inflammation, oxidative stress, infarct volume and cerebral edema.
Results: MMP-9 mRNA expression in the HI/EXP group was significantly higher than the HI, SHAM and EXP groups. MMP-2 mRNA expression levels in the HI group were significantly higher than Sham and the EXP groups.
TNF-α and Total oxidant capacity (TOC) levels in the HI/EXP group were significantly higher than HI, EXP and SHAM groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level in the HI/EXP group were significantly lower than HI, EXP and SHAM groups. Cerebral edema and infarct volume in the HI/EXP group were significantly greater than the HI group. Sensory-motor function was significantly weaker in HI/EXP as compared HI group.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that during pregnancy, exposure to mobile phone RF radiation intensifies damage from HI in rat pups by elevating MMP-9 activity.
Excerpts
In line with our study, Azimipour et. al (2020) showed Exposure to cell phone radiation affects the growth and maturation rate of murine ovarian follicles by altering the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 genes [12]. In another study, Friedman et. al. (2007) discovered that mobile phone electromagnetic irradiation triggers the activation of plasma membrane NADH oxidase, which leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [13]. These ROS, in turn, directly stimulate the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [13]. In addition, the results of our study showed that exposure to mobile phone RF radiation during pregnancy increases the level of inflammation and oxidative stress, brain edema and the volume of the infarcted area, which leads to the aggravation of brain damage after neonatal HI. In our study, the greater increase in inflammation in the group exposed to mobile phone RF radiation could be due to the greater increase in MMP9 expression.
Overall, increased MMP9 levels during neonatal HI lead to BBB disruption and immune cell infiltration, resulting in increased production of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines [9], [25]. This cascade of events ultimately leads to enhanced oxidative stress within the brain.
Khayat S, Fanaei H, Lakzaee N. Effects of prenatal mobile phone radiation exposure on MMP9 expression: Implications for inflammation, oxidative stress, and sensory-motor impairment after neonatal hypoxia- ischemia in rats. Toxicol Rep. 2023 Oct 13;11:378-384
https://ehtrust.org/study-during-pregnancy-exposure-to-cell-phone-radiation-intensifies-damage-from-hypoxia-ischemia-in-rat-pups/ Source: Environmental Health Trust
This content is from a press release of the U.S. Surgeon General LINK May 23,…
Smart meter changes – have your sayThe Australian Government is considering changes to electricity metering…
From the website:Swedish Radiation Protection FoundationStrålskyddsstiftelsenSeven case studies show that 5G is a health dangerhttps://radiationprotection.se/5g/seven-case-studies-show-that-5g-is-a-health-danger/…
HOW IS THE GEOENGINEERING AND GLOBAL WARMING AGENDA GOING – EVERYTHING IS GETTING EXPOSED…
From Joel M. Moskowitz, Ph.D., DirectorCenter for Family and Community HealthSchool of Public HealthUniversity of…
Webinar 2006: Angels Still Don’t Play This HAARP Based on the book: Angels Don’t Play…